City of God Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

City of God - Essay Example Considering the kind of topic introduced in the story, this article will utilize the film to examine different arranging issues in the film like urban ghetto and physical condition, urban wrongdoing and youth posse, absence of social and monetary versatility and the significance of Education. The films is an ideal delineation of life in the urban ghettos since it presents numerous occurrence which are ghettos like. The film presents different ways of life that identifies with the ghettos style of living, from how individuals identify with the sort of business did. To start with, the motion pictures shows that in the urban ghettos individuals as a rule don't have estates where they can make the most of their security. This is appeared toward the start of the film when the group pursues chicken which clearly was not there’s. The posse pursuing the chicken, shows that no individual have security in the city rather they live in plots. This is an ideal depiction of the todayâ€℠¢s urban ghetto life where people generally live in places they lease other than others. Further, the film likewise presents the genuine qualities of people living in the ghettos. At the point when the group meets Rocket, he (Rocket) presents a solid inclination that the posse were probably going to execute him. This is a distinctive portrayal for the wilderness existing in the physical condition of the urban ghettos. ... This portrayal of rebellion likewise makes the film to be significant as it presents a genuine in the urban ghettos with how the individuals are attempting to life. A large portion of the administrations consistently presents little help to the individuals living in the urban ghettos. Subsequently, it is conceivable to reason that the film presents mockery to the legislatures who typically live a long way from the individuals in the ghettos. The topic of the film can likewise be portrayed in the taligne, â€Å"if you run, the monster gets; on the off chance that you remain, the brute eats† (Netfix,2002). This taligne is a decent understanding of what's going on in the ghettos where people don't have the foggiest idea about the destiny of what they are doing. In legitimate English, the taligen implies that a person there are both constructive and adverse outcomes of accomplishing something positive or negative. They need to do it whether it is terrible or acceptable, since ther e is no power to manage the activities. Urban wrongdoings and youth posse The plot of the film comes out to be wrongdoing focused, with introduction of the adolescent groups, who an individual can delineate as the ones controlling the entire city. The young group does what they feel like whenever, with general society having no protest yet to oblige them. From the earliest starting point of the film, the film delineates a pack pursuing a chicken, which is clearly not theirs. Further, the pack additionally meets Rocket and the main thing coming in his psyche is that they are probably going to murder him. This portrays an area where wrongdoing is the discussion of the day, with no activity taken by the specialists. The individuals in the district live by the â€Å"law† set by the wrongdoing culprits. To show that the individuals live by wrongdoing, the film portrays three hoodlums whom there is work is to plunder the current business while remove a portion of their plunder to t he individuals. This is

The Secret Circle The Hunt Chapter 25 Free Essays

From behind a remain of massive trees came Max, his father, and the two trackers who’d got away from the housetop †Jedediah and Louvera Felton. Every one of them held a stone cut into the state of the tracker image †similar relics they’d used to slaughter Suzan. Scarlett dashed from the start sight of the trackers, vanishing into the forested areas. We will compose a custom article test on The Secret Circle: The Hunt Chapter 25 or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Why wasn’t Cassie amazed? With all her splashy talk, obviously on a basic level Scarlett was only a weakling. A brief glance went among Diana and Max. He grimaced at her with disgrace and pity in his eyes, similar to he may have been there without wanting to. â€Å"Now!† Mr. Boylan shouted, raising his image into the air. Adam shot his hands toward the head, getting out a resistance spell. Scratch took a stab at tossing his vitality at him with a fire impact. In any case, Mr. Boylan and all the trackers had all the earmarks of being impervious to their enchantment. They clung to their relics and recited their own revile, unhindered by anything cast their direction. â€Å"We need to get those stones out of their hands,† Melanie said. Together Chris and Doug charged for Louvera’s relic, however the second they went in close vicinity to striking separation, the two of them dropped to the ground, holding their heads. Melanie dove for Jedediah’s relic, however she rushed to fall, holding her head as though the relic had struck her. Cassie, Diana, and Faye were all the while wearing the Master Tools. They held hands and advanced toward the trackers, reciting, â€Å"Earth my body, water my blood, air my breath, and fire my spirit.† Mr. Boylan demonstrated no dread of the Tools. He ventured forward, holding his image out to them, mumbling similar words Cassie heard on the housetop: I total eius agens, I occidere in eius nomen †I total eius agens, I occidere in eius nomen †Cassie could feel that the Tools weren’t working. She felt feeble deep down and frail, and the wristband stayed cool and inert on her arm. Mr. Boylan appeared to develop more grounded each subsequent he proceeded with his serenade. He was outwitting them. Tree, Deborah, and Sean had all tumbled down onto the ground. Cassie could no longer observe any other individual. Her own head started to pulsate, her vision obscured, and she knew it wouldn’t be some time before she likewise lost all her residual quality. â€Å"Cassie,† Diana said. â€Å"I’m †¦Ã¢â‚¬  She collapsed to her knees. Max went to Diana and shouted out. He raced to where she’d fallen, remaining among her and his dad. Mr. Boylan attempted to wave him off the beaten path, however Max wouldn’t move. He set his stone relic on the ground and raised his arms. â€Å"We need to stop this,† he said. â€Å"Stop the curse.† Tears of delight and alleviation filled Diana’s eyes. Max had come through for her. Adam showed up at Cassie’s side, winded and confounded. â€Å"What’s he doing?† he inquired. The trackers had been lost by Max’s turnaround. For a short second they had stopped reciting, looking to Mr. Boylan for heading, however now they continued again with full power. Max’s father got Max’s relic from the beginning held it out for him. â€Å"Take this,† he said. In any case, Max would not acknowledge it. He stood tall with Diana behind him. â€Å"Don’t make an awful mistake,† his dad said. â€Å"Obey your destiny.† Max looked back at Diana and afterward restored his eyes to his dad. â€Å"I am complying with my destiny,† he said. The Circle watched Max in amazement. There were a couple of moments of quietness, long enough for Cassie to hear Diana breathe in with a snappy, shallow breath and falter to her feet. And afterward with a quick swipe to the head, Mr. Boylan took Max unconscious. Diana ran to Max’s help, however Jedediah walloped her with a couple of unfavorable words. She spilled onto the ground alongside Max’s oblivious body. Tree slithered over to Cassie, stunned. â€Å"Do something,† she shouted. â€Å"Whatever you did on the rooftop, do it again.† Faye inclined forward at Cassie’s side, short of breath. â€Å"You have to,† she asked. â€Å"You’re our just hope.† Be that as it may, before Cassie could state a word, Adam recoiled as though he’d been shot. At that point he dropped facedown onto the ground. Faye additionally clasped and afterward fallen, grasping her head. Cassie glanced around. She was the main Circle part despite everything standing. She stared at Mr. Boylan and ignited with a hot warmth. Book or no book, she had the force in her, and she knew it. All she needed to do was let it take her over. Cassie focused her psyche and took a full breath. She revealed to herself that simply this one time it was alright to surrender, to let the obscurity wash over her and flood through her veins. Be that as it may, out of nowhere her legs went free from her. Her head felt like it had been aired out, and a parting torment guaranteed her she’d acted past the point of no return. All her vitality was being depleted from her body. It was the vibe of biting the dust, she made certain of it. Through her cloudy vision, she could see that Max had stirred and was attempting to ascend to his feet, yet the other two trackers were limiting him. They kept him down as they proceeded with the revile, their relics still close by. The whole Circle had been overwhelmed. Every one of them lay spread around the sloppy ground like bugs left for dead. The hunters’ serenade got stronger. Mr. Boylan had shut his eyes and raised his arms to the sky, euphoric and triumphant. Cassie could barely accept that after such a long, hard battle it could end so pathetically for her Circle. Be that as it may, at that point Mr. Boylan’s eyes shot open again and he out of nowhere moved back. â€Å"Not again,† he said. â€Å"It can’t be possible.† Different trackers tensely filtered the encompassing zone. They’d quit muttering their revile and tilted their heads toward the forested areas to tune in. Cassie faintly heard what they were hearing. Another dialect, both outside and recognizable. It was Scarlett. She was out there, strolling toward them, reciting a dim spell. Jedediah grasped his chest as he had on the rooftop. His face blushed as he wheezed for air, and he shouted for their retreat. He and Louvera moved in an opposite direction from Max and fled the other way. Max was bewildered. He was squinting his eyes, scanning the ground for Diana, climbing like an infant deer new to its hooves. And afterward he screeched in torment, grasping his heart. Chris, Doug, and Sean rose back up to a standing position. Deborah, Laurel, and Melanie did likewise. The Circle was recapturing its quality even as Max’s melted away. Diana shouted out to Scarlett. â€Å"You’re murdering him!† But Scarlett was relentless. Mr. Boylan rushed to Max and helped him to his feet. â€Å"It’s an ancient,† he said. â€Å"We need to run.† He steadied Max’s arm around his neck. Max, squirming excruciatingly, permitted his dad to drag him away, and inside minutes they were gone, gobbled up by the shadowy woods. Disaster had been turned away. â€Å"I surmise we indicated them,† Scarlett stated, as she walked to the focal point of the beat and puzzled gathering. â€Å"Or at any rate I did.† Her eyes were as yet dull from the taboo spell. Cassie perceived the consequence of extreme force and delight on Scarlett’s face. It made Cassie jealous, angry even. How was Scarlett ready to take advantage of her dim enchantment without losing all control? She seemed ready to turn it on and off voluntarily. â€Å"Don’t worry,† Scarlett said. â€Å"I don’t expect a bless your heart. Not yet anyway.† She advanced to the vehicle. â€Å"We’d better leave, on the off chance that they have additional shocks for us. We need time to refocus and reestablish our energy.† Everybody, somewhat bewildered, faithfully followed behind her as though she’d simply substantiated herself the Circle’s most commendable pioneer. Cassie, Adam, and Diana waited. â€Å"I hate to concede it,† Diana said. â€Å"But in the event that we hadn’t started her, we’d be dead right now.† â€Å"But that was dark enchantment that she utilized against them.† Adam looked immediately at Cassie. â€Å"Wasn’t it?† Cassie gestured. â€Å"Well, whatever it was,† Diana stated, â€Å"she did it for us. She got the opportunity to escape into the forested areas and leave us for dead, and she didn’t.† Adam was in understanding. â€Å"We still can’t trust her, however perhaps she can be helpful to us after all.† â€Å"Maybe,† Cassie said. In any case, she knew better than anybody that one great deed didn’t change what someone's identity was. Step by step instructions to refer to The Secret Circle: The Hunt Chapter 25, Essay models

Have you made plans to be in NYC for Admitted Students Day COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Have you made plans to be in NYC for Admitted Students Day COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following post is an interview with Carolina Escalera from Tallahassee, Florida. She’s a first year MPA student concentrating in Urban and Social Policy. Why did you attend Admitted Students Day? I wanted to get a feel of the school; to literally feel how I felt on campus, the environment, and most importantly meet current students so that I could get their personal feedback. A lot of times a school sounds great on paper, but to me it is important to see how I fit in and if I felt it was a place I could thrive in. Admitted Students Day is a great way to meet current students and ask real questions. What was the best information you learned? The best information I learned was getting a better understanding of the concentration and specializations. During Admitted Students Day, I was able to meet the director of the Urban and Social Policy concentration and talk to students about the classes they were taking and their experience at SIPA overall. How did it help you decide to come to SIPA? Meeting the students and learning more about the concentration is what helped me decide to come to SIPA. I liked the flexibility of the concentration and the positive experience of the students. What else did you do besides visit the school to make your decision? As a student of color, I wanted to be comfortable in graduate school. The diversity of classes, students and the New York City experience led me to choose SIPA. I wanted to be able to fit in and feel comfortable in school and just being in New York City where there is a diversity in the population, I knew the dialogue would be stimulating and studying urban policy, there would be no better place. Moreover, SIPA has a student organization SIPA Students of Color (SSOC) and to me having a safe space to talk about issues that affect my community was important. I am now currently on the board of the organization. Whats one word of advice you would give to a newly admitted applicant this year? Network! SIPA Students of Color (SSOC) will be hosting a happy hour for admitted students on Monday April 9, 2012 at Havana Central. Come network with current students and get to know SIPA better! Check here for more information about Admitted Students Day.   We hope to see you there!

Writing A Term Paper Usually Involves Jamming A Semester

Writing a term paper usually involves jamming a semester s worth of research into one week, writing 15 pages in a night and emerging from a computer lab with bloodshot eyes and a stack of empty coffee cups. But for a few students, the task is hardly this draining. All it takes is a click of the mouse. Downloading papers from the Internet, combined with the upsurge of other incidents of cheating, has been a growing concern for the future of academic integrity in higher education. It s easy, and it s quick, and it s better than spending six hours writing a paper for some general requirement class that I didn t care about to begin with, said one College senior who asked to remain anonymous. These students aren t the only ones who have opted out of conventional research and turned to online paper banks, amid the cut and paste plagiarism trend at universities nationwide. According to a 1999 survey conducted by Donald McCabe, a Rutgers University professor and the founder of the Center for Academic Integrity at Duke University, more than 75 percent of college students admit to some form of cheating. About one third of the 2,100 participating students admitted to serious test cheating, and half admitted to one or more instances of serious cheating on written assignments. The pattern for high school students, the next generation of college-goers, is disturbingly similar. Eighty-four percent of the students surveyed last year by Who s Who Among American High SchoolShow MoreRelatedCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagestheir notes, failing to answer the questions posed on the examination paper. †¢ ii) An alternative approach is to use a brief case study together with the questions provided to the students in the examination setting or shortly before it. The problem here is that students’ speed of reading can vary considerably – particularly if they are reading the case in English as a second language. †¢ Project based assessment involves students (or groups of students) applying the concepts and techniquesRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesSTUDIES, SECOND EDITION - PROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES, SECOND EDITION HAROLD KERZNER, Ph.D. Division of Business Administration Baldwin-Wallace College Berea, Ohio John Wiley Sons, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright O 2006 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted

Essay about Toni Morrisons Literary Achievements - 693 Words

Toni Morrisons Literary Achievements In 1993 Toni Morrison joined the illustrious ranks of the Nobel Prize for Literature laureates as the ninetieth recipient, twentieth English-language author, eighth American, eighth woman, third black, and first African-American 1. Her mid-century predecessor William Faulkner (1897-1962) had just received the award in 1950 when Morrison (b. 1931) began writing her Master of Arts thesis on his work.2 Aside from both being Nobel laureates, this unlikely pair has, at first glance, little in common: Morrison, the college-educated daughter of a black Ohio shipyard welder, a key figure in the publishing and academic world; Faulkner, Southern son of aristocratic background, autodidact, reclusive†¦show more content†¦She is as great and as innovative as Faulkner and Garcia Marquez and Woolf. He also pointed to the particularity of her achievement as an African-American: Just two centuries ago the African-American literary tradition was born in slave narratives. Now our greatest writ er has won the Nobel Prize.6 No doubt Morrison was particularly pleased by the joy of the African-American women; in her acceptance speech she quotes a message on her answering machine from an artist friend: My dear sister, the prize that is yours is also ours and could not have been placed in better hands.7 The literary critic Barbara Christian, one of the first academics to write seriously about Morrisons work in the 1970s, extols her liberating sound: How fortunate to have lived at a time when we can dwell in, and heal, through her language! [...] to the African-American women, Toni Morrison had long since won a Nobel Prize.8 Toni MorrisonsShow MoreRelatedstudy on toni morrison Essay2402 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿A Study On Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye Ying-Hua,Liao Introduction Toni Morrison was the winner of the 1993 Nobel Prize for Literature. She is a prominent contemporary American writer devoted to the black literary and cultural movement. Her achievements and dedication to the promotion of black culture have established her distinguished status in American literature. Many critics applaud Toni Morrison’s artistic talent and contribution to American literature. Darwin T. Turner, for exampleRead MoreWell-known American Author Toni Morrison1182 Words   |  5 PagesToni Morrison (named Chloe Anthony Wofford at birth) was born in Lorain, Ohio, on February 18, in 1931, to Ramah (nà ©e Willis) and George Wofford. She is the second child of four in a middle-class family. As a child, Morrison read frequently; her favorite authors were Jane Austen and Leo Tolstoy. Morrisons father told her many folktales of the black community (something that would later be apart of Morrisons works). Morrison is a well known American author, editor, and professor who won the NobelRead MoreReview Of Khaled Hosseini s Kite Runner Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pagesother and violence that the author imposes on his characters. Violent clashes between characters, such as stabbings or shootings can illuminate issues between characters regarding love, ideology, money, or race among other things. Foster uses Toni Morrison’s Beloved as an example of violence that a character imposes on another, because in this work, an escaped slave kills her own daughter out of desperation to protect her from slavery. This act taken literally appears villainous and unbelievable,Read MoreElements of Postmodernism in Ishmael Reeds Mumbo Jumbo, Don Delillos White Noise, Toni Morrisons Beloved and Thomas Pynchons the Crying of Lot 496348 Words   |  26 Pagesconcepts and ideas. Perhaps the central achievement of postmodernism is the consideration of difference, an insistent attention to the local cultures and undervalued constituencies that modernisms exaltation of unity and grand narrative often obscured, which can easily be observed by reading and analyzing some of the most important works of American postmodern fiction . Works such as Ishmael Reeds Mumbo Jumbo, Don DeLillos White Noise, Toni Morrisons Beloved and Thomas Pynchons The CryingRead MoreMargaret Atwood Spotty Handed Villainesses1879 Words   |  8 PagesMARGARET ATWOOD: â€Å"SPOTTY-HANDED VILLIANESSES: PROBLEMS OF FEMALE BAD BEHAVIOUR IN THE CREATION OF LITERATURE† BUI CONTEXT Margaret Atwood is once of Canada’s best known literary composers. She is best known for her ability as an author of novels such as Alias Grace, Bodily Harm, Hairball, Rape Fantasies, and the highly acclaimed The Handmaid’s Tale, which was later made into a movie. These works establish her as a feminist writer, raising issues of women in literature, the difficulties associatedRead MoreReview Of Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre 10879 Words   |  44 Pagesas Bronte also struggled to come to terms with balancing her feelings and freedom. It has also been pointed out that Bertha Mason is Charlotte Bronte. Both did not get to go out, failed to find love, and expressed themselves in unorthodox ways. Literary Period: Victorian Produced: October 16, 1847 Published: Smith, Elder, and Co., Cornhill Country where written: England Setting Location: Gateshead, Lowood School, Thornfield, Moor House, and Ferndean Time Period: Early 1900s Weather if relevant TheRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12166 Words   |  49 Pagesan appropriate setting for Weltys story of Phoenix Jackson? Find out about race relations in the United States, especially in Mississippi, during the early 1940s. Are these the same attitudes Welty depicts in A Worn Path? The journey has been a literary device since ancient Greek times when Homer wrote The Odyssey, How is Phoenix Jacksons walk through the woods similar to Odysseuss seven−year journey home after the Trojan War?  » Back to Table of Contents Media Adaptations A Worn Path wasRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12173 Words   |  49 Pagesan appropriate setting for Weltys story of Phoenix Jackson? Find out about race relations in the United States, especially in Mississippi, during the early 1940s. Are these the same attitudes Welty depicts in A Worn Path? The journey has been a literary device since ancient Greek times when Homer wrote The Odyssey, How is Phoenix Jacksons walk through the woods similar to Odysseuss seven−year journey home after the Trojan War?  » Back to Table of Contents Media Adaptations A Worn Path was adapted

Disorder/Illness of hand Free Essays

The hand of a man is one of most active organs of the body. It consists of various parts such as bones, muscles, fingers, thumbs, nerves and skin all of which can be affected by different forms of ailments. Common disorders in the hands include injuries, ganglia, and infections, ailments of the nerves, blood vessels, skin, osteoarthritis and tendonitis. We will write a custom essay sample on Disorder/Illness of hand or any similar topic only for you Order Now Injuries can result to fractures on part of the bone, rupturing of ligaments and even dislocations (David, 2004). The largest part of the hand is composed of fingers. Disorders in this part of the hand may occur on the joints as a result of strained activity or due an infection of arthritis. The curling of the fingertip which leads to failure of the fingertip to straighten is known as the mallet finger. In most cases, this disorder results from an injury which leads to tearing of the tendon from the bone. This condition is treated by placing the affected finger in a straight position and maintaining it for some time to let the condition heal. Button-hole deformity is a disorder which affects the joint of the middle finger. The finger bends in a fixed position in the direction of the palm. In addition the outermost finger tends to portray an excessive bending in the direction away from the palm. This disorder is caused by the rheumatoid arthritis infection. The swelling on the finger joints forming cysts is known as osteoarthritis of the hand causes painful swellings on affected the part of the hand (David, 2004). Ganglion is another disorder which presents itself in form of gelatinous swellings which appear on the back of the palm or wrist. They develop into firm shaped swellings which protrude above the surface of the skin. Even though they are painless, ganglia causes a lot of discomfort on the patient which limits efficient use of hands. Infection disorders may be related to bacterial and viral infections. Common bacterial infections on the hand cause abscess or swellings. These may occur on parts with injured cells such as wounds and bites. Application of antibiotic prevents the possibilities of getting these kinds of infections. Infections of the soft pulp tissue of the fingertip are known as felon. This causes swelling leading to death of surrounding tissues. The common viral infection on hand results in Herpetic Whitlow which is caused by the infection of herpes which spreads to hands forming fluid-filled blisters on the skin of the fingers. This disorder however disappears with treatment of herpes infection. Osteoarthritis presents itself through the extension of the bones over the outermost joints. This leads to formation of painful swelling on the finger joints. Joints between the fingers are not affected by the condition. The affected joints may be misaligned forming a crooked hand. Erosive osteoarthritis forms a swelling around the affected tissues. Sometimes the bands of the fibrous tissue (tendons) along the palms may tighten forming a claw like hand. This is known as palmar fibromatosis. It is treated trough injection of corticosteroid into the tendons. Severe cases may require a corrective surgery. This condition has been found to have hereditary characteristics and in most cases it affects men over the age of 45 years (Taylor, 2008). Numbness on hand is caused by the cutting of supply of blood or compression of the nerves at the wrist due to the bending of the wrist. This mostly happens when one is sleeping. Numbness as a result of compression of the nerves is referred to as Carpal Turner Syndrome (David, 2004). One is advised to keep the hand straight to prevent the development of this condition. Concisely, most of the ailments of the hands lead to a restriction on the use of the affected hands. Seeking of proper medical attention is necessary to rectify any condition in time. How to cite Disorder/Illness of hand, Papers

Red Splash in a Grey Sea free essay sample

Looking around me, I see grey: wispy grey, straw-like grey, long grey, cropped grey, shades of grey. The hair of the elderly makes me feel out of place, awkward; my bright copper-toned hair makes me stand out like a clown at a wedding. I’m a streak of vibrant color on a canvas of grey. The color of my hair is not the only thing that singles me out, however. A quick glance about also reveals that I am the only person in the hall under the age of 50. Granted, it is 7:00 pm on a Friday night, but I was still expecting a few youth to attend the symphony. Why am I alone in my generation, often the sole representation of youthful vigor? Am I the only kid who appreciates the beauty of a magnificent painting in the sounds of music? Week two of the Phoenix Symphony’s Rachmaninov Musical Festival started tonight and I have eagerly anticipated the performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Red Splash in a Grey Sea or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I am wearing my personal best: a slim black tie, white button-down, dark silk suspenders, tailored slacks, and polished leather shoes. â€Å"At least I don’t stand out with my attire,† I think as I take my seat. Almost everyone else has dressed up as well; even suit jackets are not uncommon despite the warm Arizona weather. Folding my seat down and sinking into its soft cushion, I cringe at the wrinkles I know I am making in my crisp, ironed clothes. Glancing at the program I was handed upon entrance, I learn that the pianist is a Russian female Olga Kern. In her early thirties, Olga is the closest person in age to me at the event. I chuckle to myself at how out of place I am, an 18-year-old kid, all dressed up and alone in a hall of thousands of senior citizens. This clown has nowhere to hide. Applause fills the air as the members of the symphony and their conductor enter the hall. Every man is wearing a black tuxedo; the women are wearing tight-fitting, plain black d resses. As they take their seats and prepare their instruments, a crimson red dress flutters from the side door and the applause redoubles. The woman of the hour casually, yet purposefully, walks onto the stage. Her beaming smile, wavy blond hair, and violent red dress stand at sharp contrast with the rest of her surroundings. She is a ray of light and warmth, full of energy, a beautiful rose in a stoic courtroom. After bowing to the crowd and taking her seat at the piano, Olga nods her head at the conductor and the music begins. Hands floating over the keyboard with effortless grace, the artist begins her artwork. Drawn into the world of the music, I close my eyes and relax, allowing the sounds to carry me wherever they please on their ever-changing waves. Music is like a painting. The sounds of music paint on my emotional canvas, just like a brush applies paint to a physical surface. As I watch the conductor wave his baton through the air I see Da Vinci sweeping his brush in equal ly elegant motions. The music score is Monet’s color palate. Music can be mixed, layered, and blotted on the canvas of your emotions. Just like a real painting has bright colors and smooth lines, so music uses major keys and sweeping melodies to convey a happy and gentle attitude. Similarly, shadows and sharp lines are found in the quiet minor harmonies and staccato rhythms. As I recline in my seat and immerse myself in the three movements, I begin to focus on specific instruments instead of on the symphony as a whole. Zooming in on the brushstrokes, I examine the whole scene. The tympani in the back, I realize, is the depth of a shadow, percussion, the rhythmic framework of objects. The rise and fall of the violin bows produce a geographical setting for the piece, grassy fields, a gentle river, or a mountainous background. The flutes and wind instruments sound like birds and gusts of wind. The trumpets and tubas invoke a grand or royal attitude of powerful colors and bold sh apes. Finally, the piano is the melody the rest of the performers focus on. In a concerto, the piano score is the main character or object of interest in a painting, the entity that all else revolves around. It is nearing the end and Olga is sweating at the brow. The song builds from a quiet, slow melody into a violently vast and attacking cadenza. As she sweeps up and down the piano for her last run the concert crescendos into its finale. I jump to my feet and applaud with zeal along with the elderly. In the forty-five minutes that have slipped by in my rapt attention I had completely forgotten my awkward youthfulness. Now I see why I am an exception to the rule. The youthful energy and color of life have drained from the elderly. Now they need the beauty and wonderful magic of music to paint that picture of passion and vibrant life they had in their youth. Their clothing may be black and white and their hair grey, but the seniors in the hall were not bland. They are taking the op portunity to continue painting the beauty of music on their life canvas. My classical musical upbringing has taught me that music is a painting of emotions, essential to the well-rounded life of any human. Many youth miss this important aspect of existence until it is almost too late. Instead, we choose to pursue lower forms of pleasure: stick figure drawings instead of magnificent wall murals. Trendy pop songs are simple stick figures and classical works are the wonderful paintings we ignore. Although some will say that personal preference determines true beauty, there is no arguing that a Beethoven symphony is more beautiful than any rap song, maybe not as appreciated by some, but unquestionably more wonderfully complicated and awe-invoking. Loud chatter ripples through the crowd as we stand up and exit the hall. Sore bodies groan as joints crack. I hear the shuffle of thousands of feet brushing on the carpet floor. The physical energy of the elderly has been vastly augmented. I s ee the youthful enjoyment of life in the eyes of the aged man bent over his cane. I see zeal in the face of a grandmother. I see the fire of love in an old couple. The music has invigorated them and stirred feelings and emotions of their younger days. I see it now. Music has rekindled their feelings of youth and strengthened their passion for beautiful art. Although their paintings have become worn out, bleached from exposure to life, their appreciation for classical music helps revive them. Music is one of the ways to repaint and refresh one’s canvas, regardless of one’s age. One day I will be a part of that sea of grey, where I hope to see many splashes of color all around me.

Free Essays on The Brave One

Born May 10, 1958, in Los Angeles, California, Ellen Ochoa became the first fe-male Hispanic astronaut in 1990. Ellen Ochoa first dreamed of taking part in a space flight during her graduate-school days, when several of her fellow students applied to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) astronaut-training program. While they did not make the final cut, she persevered throughout the lengthy and difficult selection process and finally achieved her goal in 1990, making her the first female His-panic astronaut in NASA history. Since then, Ochoa has spent hundreds of hours in space as a member of three different shuttle crews performing vital research and taking part in historic firsts. Such high-profile success has made her a role model for students across the nation, an assignment Ochoa has accepted with pride and enthusiasm. Although she was born in Los Angeles, California, Ellen Ochoa has always re-garded the suburban San Diego community of La Mesa as her hometown. She, her sister, and three brothers grew up in a single-parent household headed by her mother, Rosanne; her father left the family when Ellen was in junior high school. Rosanne Ochoa was a firm believer in the value of education and the idea that a person can succeed at anything if he or she tries hard enough. (She herself took college classes over more than two dec-ades while raising her family and eventually earned three degrees.) Ochoa was therefore encouraged to excel as far back as she can remember. She developed a love of math in particular and was an exceptionally good student, graduating from high school at the top of her class. In addition, Ochoa was (and still is) very fond of music and earned recogni-tion during her teen years as a classical flutist. Ochoa headed off to San Diego State University in 1975 and obtained her bache-lor's degree in physics (with top academic honors) in 1980. She then went on to graduate school at Stanford Unive... Free Essays on The Brave One Free Essays on The Brave One Born May 10, 1958, in Los Angeles, California, Ellen Ochoa became the first fe-male Hispanic astronaut in 1990. Ellen Ochoa first dreamed of taking part in a space flight during her graduate-school days, when several of her fellow students applied to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) astronaut-training program. While they did not make the final cut, she persevered throughout the lengthy and difficult selection process and finally achieved her goal in 1990, making her the first female His-panic astronaut in NASA history. Since then, Ochoa has spent hundreds of hours in space as a member of three different shuttle crews performing vital research and taking part in historic firsts. Such high-profile success has made her a role model for students across the nation, an assignment Ochoa has accepted with pride and enthusiasm. Although she was born in Los Angeles, California, Ellen Ochoa has always re-garded the suburban San Diego community of La Mesa as her hometown. She, her sister, and three brothers grew up in a single-parent household headed by her mother, Rosanne; her father left the family when Ellen was in junior high school. Rosanne Ochoa was a firm believer in the value of education and the idea that a person can succeed at anything if he or she tries hard enough. (She herself took college classes over more than two dec-ades while raising her family and eventually earned three degrees.) Ochoa was therefore encouraged to excel as far back as she can remember. She developed a love of math in particular and was an exceptionally good student, graduating from high school at the top of her class. In addition, Ochoa was (and still is) very fond of music and earned recogni-tion during her teen years as a classical flutist. Ochoa headed off to San Diego State University in 1975 and obtained her bache-lor's degree in physics (with top academic honors) in 1980. She then went on to graduate school at Stanford Unive...

Llamar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation and Examples

Llamar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation and Examples The Spanish verb  llamar  means to call. It is a regular -ar verb, like buscar or parar. Below you can find tables for the conjugation of  llamar in the present, past and future indicative, the present and past subjunctive, as well as the imperative and other verb forms. Llamar Meaning The simple translation of llamar is to call, but depending on its usage, the meaning can vary slightly. For example, it can mean to call as in call someone to come to you,  La madre llamà ³ a los nià ±os para la cena  (The mother called the children for dinner), or it can mean to call on the phone,  El doctor llamà ³ a su paciente por telà ©fono  (The doctor called his patient on the phone). In addition, it can sometimes be used to say that someone is at the door, knocking or ringing,  Alguien llama a la puerta  (Someone is at the door). Another meaning of the verb  llamar  is to name something or someone. For example,  Cuando lo adoptamos, llamamos al perro  Popo  (When we adopted it, we named the dog Popo). It can also mean to call someone or something by a certain name, as in  Su nombre es Federico, pero lo llamamos Fede  (His name is Federico, but we call him Fede). Finally, llamar  can be used as a reflexive verb,  llamarse,  to talk about what someones name is. To say my name is Ana, you can say  Mi nombre es Ana,  but it is actually very common to say  Me llamo Ana  (I am called Ana). For this reason, some people get confused and think that  llamo  means name, but actually, when saying  me llamo  you are saying I am called. When using the verb in this way, remember to include the reflexive pronoun before the conjugated verb. One thing to keep in mind when using the verb  llamar  is how the double L is pronounced in Spanish. In English, the double L is pronounced just like you would pronounce a normal L. However, in Spanish when there are two Ls together, they make a sound much like the English Y (as in yam), or often it sounds like the English J (as in Jack). There is quite a bit of variation in the pronunciation of the Spanish Ll depending on where the Spanish speaker is from.  In some places of South America it even sounds like Sh (as in shark). Llamar Present Indicative Yo llamo I call Yo llamo a mi madre por telfono. T llamas You call T llamas al nio para cenar. Usted/l/ella llama You/he/she calls Ella llama a su abuela todas las semanas. Nosotros llamamos We call Nosotros llamamos a la puerta. Vosotros llamis You call Vosotros llamis profe a la profesora. Ustedes/ellos/ellas llaman You/they call Ellos llaman a los bomberos por el incendio. Llamar Preterite  Indicative In Spanish there are two forms of the past tense, the preterite and the imperfect. The preterite is used to talk about punctual events or events that have a defined ending in the past. Remember to include the accent mark on the last vowel of the  yo  and  usted/à ©l/ella  forms in the preterite. Yo llam I called Yo llam a mi madre por telfono. T llamaste You called T llamaste al nio para cenar. Usted/l/ella llam You/he/she called Ella llam a su abuela todas las semanas. Nosotros llamamos We called Nosotros llamamos a la puerta. Vosotros llamasteis You called Vosotros llamasteis profe a la profesora. Ustedes/ellos/ellas llamaron You/they called Ellos llamaron a los bomberos por el incendio. Llamar Imperfect  Indicative The imperfect tense is used to talk about background events, ongoing or habitual actions in the past. It can be translated to English as was calling or used to call.   Yo llamaba I used to call Yo llamaba a mi madre por telfono. T llamabas You used to call T llamabas al nio para cenar. Usted/l/ella llamaba You/he/she used to call Ella llamaba a su abuela todas las semanas. Nosotros llambamos We used to call Nosotros llambamos a la puerta. Vosotros llamabais You used to call Vosotros llamabais profe a la profesora. Ustedes/ellos/ellas llamaban You/they used to call Ellos llamaban a los bomberos por el incendio. Llamar Future  Indicative Yo llamar I will call Yo llamar a mi madre por telfono. T llamars You will call T llamars al nio para cenar. Usted/l/ella llamarn You/he/she will call Ella llamar a su abuela todas las semanas. Nosotros llamaremos We will call Nosotros llamaremos a la puerta. Vosotros llamaris You will call Vosotros llamaris profe a la profesora. Ustedes/ellos/ellas llamarn You/they will call Ellos llamarn a los bomberos por el incendio. Llamar Periphrastic Future  Indicative Yo voy a llamar I am going to call Yo voy a llamar a mi madre por telfono. T vas a llamar You are going to call T vas a llamar al nio para cenar. Usted/l/ella va a llamar You/he/she is going to call Ella va a llamar a su abuela todas las semanas. Nosotros vamos a llamar We are going to call Nosotros vamos a llamar a la puerta. Vosotros vais a llamar You are going to call Vosotros vais a llamar profe a la profesora. Ustedes/ellos/ellas van a llamar You/they are going to call Ellos van a llamar a los bomberos por el incendio. Llamar Conditional  Indicative The conditional  tense is used to talk about possibilities or conjectures, to talk about things that would happen. For example,  Si tuviera tiempo, llamarà ­a a mi amiga  (If I had time, I would call my friend). Note that the à ­ in the conditional endings always carries an accent mark. Yo llamara I would call Yo llamara a mi madre por telfono. T llamaras You would call T llamaras al nio para cenar. Usted/l/ella llamara You/he/she would call Ella llamara a su abuela todas las semanas. Nosotros llamaramos We would call Nosotros llamaramos a la puerta. Vosotros llamarais You would call Vosotros llamarais profe a la profesora. Ustedes/ellos/ellas llamaran You/they would call Ellos llamaran a los bomberos por el incendio. Llamar Present Progressive/Gerund Form In regular -ar verbs, you form the present participle or gerund  with the ending  -ando. This verb form is used for several purposes, such as to form the progressive tenses, like the present progressive. Present Progressive of Llamar est llamando she is calling Ella est llamando al nià ±o para cenar. Llamar Past Participle The past participle for  -ar  verbs is formed with the ending  -ado.  The past participle is used with an auxiliary verb to form compound tenses, such as the present perfect.   Present Perfect of  Llamar   ha llamado she has called Ella ha llamado a su abuela.   Llamar Present Subjunctive The subjunctive mood is used to talk about emotions, doubts, desires, possibilities, and other subjective situations. It is used in sentences with two clauses: the main clause contains a verb in the indicative mood, and the subordinate clause contains a verb in the subjunctive mood. Que yo llame That I call David quiere que yo llame a mi madre por telfono. Que t llames That you call Mara quiere que t llames al nio para cenar. Que usted/l/ella llame That you/he/she call Esteban quiere que ella llame a su abuela todas las semanas. Que nosotros llamemos That we call Carla quiere que nosotros llamemos a la puerta. Que vosotros llamis That you call Francisco quiere que vosotros llamis profe a la profesora. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas llamen That you/they call Diana quiere que ellos llamen a los bomberos por el incendio. Llamar Imperfect  Subjunctive The imperfect subjunctive is used similarly to the present subjunctive, but in situations that happened in the past. There are two options for conjugating the imperfect subjunctive, shown in the tables below. Option 1 Que yo llamara That I called David quera que yo llamara a mi madre por telfono. Que t llamaras That you called Mara quera que t llamaras al nio para cenar. Que usted/l/ella llamara That you/he/she called Esteban quera que ella llamara a su abuela todas las semanas. Que nosotros llamramos That we called Carla quera que nosotros llamramos a la puerta. Que vosotros llamarais That you called Francisco quera que vosotros llamarais profe a la profesora. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas llamaran That you/they called Diana quera que ellos llamaran a los bomberos por el incendio. Option 2 Que yo llamase That I called David quera que yo llamase a mi madre por telfono. Que t llamases That you called Mara quera que t llamases al nio para cenar. Que usted/l/ella llamase That you/he/she called Esteban quera que ella llamase a su abuela todas las semanas. Que nosotros llamsemos That we called Carla quera que nosotros llamsemos a la puerta. Que vosotros llamaseis That you called Francisco quera que vosotros llamaseis profe a la profesora. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas llamasen That you/they called Diana quera que ellos llamasen a los bomberos por el incendio. Llamar Imperative   The imperative mood is used to give direct orders or commands. There are forms for all the persons except for those to whom you cannot give a direct command (first person singular yo  and third person à ©l, ella,  ellos, ellas).  When giving a  negative command, add the adverb  no  before the command. Notice that the positive and negative commands are different for  tà ºÃ‚  and  vosotros. Positive Commands T llama Call! Llama al nio para cenar! Usted llame Call! Llame a su abuela todas las semanas! Nosotros llamemos Lets call! Llamemos a la puerta! Vosotros llamad Call! Llamad profe a la profesora! Ustedes llamen Call! Llamen a los bomberos! Negative Commands T no llames Dont call! No llames al nio para cenar! Usted no llame Dont call! No llame a su abuela todas las semanas! Nosotros no llamemos Lets not call! No llamemos a la puerta! Vosotros no llamis Dont call! No llamis profe a la profesora! Ustedes no llamen Dont call! No llamen a los bomberos!

Review of Early Detection in the diagnosis of Chronic diseas and Essay

Review of Early Detection in the diagnosis of Chronic diseas and cancer-related ailments - Essay Example It also specifies the role of doctors and other health professionals in the field of Oncology. The main objective of writing this dissertation is to communicate the essentials of early diagnosis to the disadvantaged nations of the world that are highly vulnerable to such types of diseases either because of lack of information or lack of resources. Moreover, this paper aims at providing complete information regarding the latest technologies being employed in the field of Oncology for early detection of diseases to reduce mortality rate. Chapter 1 Introduction Cancer and other chronic diseases inflict financial, emotional, and medical liabilities, burdening the healthcare system, patients and their families with huge medical expenses, hardships, and with a need for extensive use of broad-ranging diagnostic facilities and resources. However, initially when new and highly formalized diagnostic systems were not there people usually had improper diagnosis that often led to serious problem. Later with the passage of time science and technology introduced new diagnostic facilities and resources and the problem of diagnosing cancer and other related ailments in time solved to a huge extent. In this context, this paper provides an overview of the value of early detection in reducing mortality rates, the role of new techniques and technologies that need to be understood and utilized in this regard, and the potential role of health educators in working with and between physicians and patients to ensure the awareness and cooperation needed to bring among patients and are trying their level best to highlight the advantages of early detection resources to as many patients as possible. Medical professionals identify three possible health states, indicated respectively in the literature. These three health states on the basis of their occurrence among patients are categorized as So (individual free of disease or disease as yet undetectable), Sp (individual unknowingly has disea se that can be diagnosed), and Sc (disease clinically diagnosed) [1]. The value of early detection in the treatment of cancer and other diseases accompanied with the advantages of diagnosing the disease in time thereby reducing the time of Sp state among patients has received huge attention from the past few years. [2]. Fortunately, advancement in technology, especially in genomics and molecular research, have led to promising and new diagnostic techniques and targeted therapies designed to improve treatment outcomes resulting in reduced mortality rates. However, there is as yet a gap in the literature with respect to the effectiveness and application of these new technologies as well as a need to educate physicians and patients alike as to how these and older technologies can best be made available to patients on a broad scale in order to bring the benefits of early detection and up to date treatment to patients, including those in underserved populations. This need is currently be ing recognized in the emergence of new

NATO Involvement in Libya Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

NATO Involvement in Libya - Essay Example The US and NATO applied force to save the civilians who had been subjected to a no flying zone and arms embargo by the UN Security Council. Critics have it that the US and NATO involvement in Libya crossed the borders of permission by the UN Security Council to protect the civilians against attack by Libyan forces. Some reports such as that published by the Arab Organization for Human Rights, the International Legal Assistance Consortium, and the Palestinian Centre for Human Rights indicate that NATO committed war crimes and violated human rights (Shabi 12).   However, others are on the positive side in that the mission helped in the maintenance of peace by protecting the civilians against anti- Qaddafi forces. The alliance stressed its efforts to protect the civilians despite drawing numerous criticisms. This intervention has proved the alliance to be a strong pillar in the event of ending international crises and a stable foundation worth of support. I totally disagree with the c ritics’ allegations that NATO operations led to death and destruction of property since the war was contrary to the people’s ambitions, and that the non-violent protests would have been a success the same way it was witnessed in Tunisia and Egypt. (Ivo and Stavridis par 5) Effectiveness of NATO involvement The intervention in Libya cannot be considered as war since their operations were legitimate and in compliance with war powers resolutions of the UN Security Council. According to the council, the use of force to protect citizens is legalized. In the event of highly populated areas experiencing the effects of war, there is freedom to enforce a no-flying zone and arms embargo. Also, in the process of protecting the citizens, the US forces do not engage in open fire exchange with the conflicting parties, ground troops or any other violent method in their operations. The sending of the Qaddafi family to Tunisia was an attempt by the NATO to reduce the escalating hostili ties against his family by the Libya citizens. The lack of engagement of ground troops in a hostile exchange cannot be termed as war in the realm of military operations. Qaddafi’s plan to cleanse Libya house by house was a serious issue on humanitarian grounds, which aroused the US and NATO forces to intervene and save the country from the ordeal. They pledge their loyalty to one weapon; the responsibility to act (Obama 2011). In addition, the operations in Libya cannot qualify to be termed as war considering the budget incurred at the time. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan led to the expenditure of hundreds of billions of dollars compared to fewer than one billion dollars that was spent in the Libyan crises. According to the US Constitution, the Pentagon usually has an emergency fund of one billion for military matters that are not approved by the congress. The coalition’s attempt to help civilians overthrow Qaddafi did not employ force. It is not part of their duty t o transform a government but to protect, enhance peace and enforce a no-flying zone as noted in Obama's Speech on Libya. The operations in Libya are considered legal. The US intervention in the war was in line with the war powers resolution of allowing the president to act in the event of threat of its territories as well as protecting civilians against manslaughter. On the same note, NATO allies got involved in the operation according to its command and for those who did not have the capacity to participate materially, political support was given. Various

Tetanus Toxin: Structure and Purification

Tetanus Toxin: Structure and Purification Tetanus is regarded amongst the most severe and fatal disease since ancient times [1]. Tetanus is termed from a Greek word ‘Tetanos’ which means- to contract *. The disease is generally initiated due to deep wounds, cuts, and during catastrophic situations like natural calamities, physical trauma, etc. [a] It was first discovered by Hippocrates in early 19th century *. However it was etiologically described by Carle and Rattone who were first to produce tetanus in animals by injecting pus extracted from an infected human with the same disease in 1884. During this same period Nicolaier also produced tetanus in animals from soil samples. Further research in 1889 by Kitasato revealed that animals were infected by this disease when they were injected with a particular organism isolated from a human patient *. Nocard in 1897 revealed that this disease can be treated by the use of its antitoxin. Moreover in 1924 the significance of toxoid came into existence during World War I which was formulated by Descombey and this passive immunization against tetanus was majorly used during World War II *. Structure of tetanus toxin: The tetanus toxin is of 150kD comprising of three fragments i.e. A,B and C having a molecular weight of 50kD each [n]. Fragments A and B were observed to be non-spastically toxic and also to block the release of catecholamine. It also inhibits the action of synaptic nerves and thus exhibits an important role in the toxicity of the toxin. On the other hand fragment C is regarded as the non-toxic subunit but retaining the required antigenic properties of the toxin. This fragment is seen to bind with gangliosides, motor endplates and synaptic membranes. It also helps in transportation of the toxin from the periphery to the central nervous system [o]. Krieglestein et al. in 1990 stated that tetanus toxin is a 151-kD protein. The complete amino acid sequence is known. The mature toxin is made of two peptide and contains 10 half-cystine residues. Treatment with 4-vinylpyridine in the presence of 6M guanidine converted six of them into s-pyridylethyl cysteine residues are determines by amino acid analysis. When alkylation was preceded by mercaptolysis, all 10 halfcystine residues were recovered in the s-pyridylethylated form. It was therefore concluded that the toxin contains six sulfhydryl groups and two disulfide bond [r] Mode of Action: Rossetto et al. in 2001 reported that the neuroparalytic syndromes of tetanus is caused by neurotoxins produced by bacteria of the genus Clostridium of 150 kDa proteins consisting of three-domains, endowed with different functions: neurospecific binding, membrane translocation and specific proteolysis of three key components of the neuroexocytosis apparatus. After binding to the presynaptic membrane of motoneurons, tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) is internalized and transported retroaxonally to the spinal cord, where it blocks neurotransmitter release from spinal inhibitory interneurons. TeNT cleave specifically at single but different peptide bonds, VAMP/synaptobrevin, a membrane protein of small synaptic vesicles [s]. Kegel et al. in 2002 stated that the 50kD ligh chain subunit comprises of zinc metalloproteases which cleaves synatobrevin that is not involved in neuroexocytosis [t]. Foster in 2009 Stated that TeNT enters the body via wounds and initially binds and internalizes into the peripheral terminals of motorneurons where it is transported by retrograde axonal transport to the motorneuron in the spinal cord. TeNT is transported to somatodendritic postsynaptic sites and is released into the synaptic cleft where it undergoes receptor mediated uptake into the presynaptic termini of the inhibitory interneurons, from where it translocates into the cytosol and inhibits neurotransmitter release. [u]. Starting material for purification of tetanus toxin: Raynaud in 1951 developed a technique of using non-autolyzed toxin direct from the organism i.e. Clostridium tetani [i] .This technique gave an advantage of obtaining a more concentrated form of toxin as compared to that obtained from the filtrates [i][j]. For this purpose the organism was generally cultured and subcultured using Tarozzi medium* and modified Tarozzi medium [j] Latham medium was also widely used for the same reason [j] [k]. M. Matsuda et.al in 1989 also used modified Latham medium for culturing of Clostridium tetani [o]. Muller and Miller in 1954 investigated that pancreatic digest of casein contained some inhibitory content which was solved by charcoal treatment [y]. Toxin was also extracted by treating the bacterial cells in hypertonic solution using 0.1M sodium citrate and 1M sodium chloride as stated by Bernard Bizzini et.al [q] Conventional method to produce tetanus vaccine: The Harvard strain of Clostridium tetani is grown in a fermentor for about a week using a semisynthetic medium. This leads the bacteria to lyze and release the toxin obtained in the supernatant. This method yielded about 60-80 Lf/ml. This yield is then filtered and detoxified using formaldehyde. This reacts with the toxin molecule mainly the amino groups of lysineresulting in imine formation, further reacts with the unstable groups of imidazole or phenol ring finally involves a cross-linking reaction between the both the amino groups. Formaldehyde also affects the 3-D structure, therefore making the toxic conformational epitopes [y]. Purification by HPLC: Kunihiro Ozutsumiet.al. in 1985 used extracts from the organism for purification of tetanus toxin using High performance liquid chromatographic methods (HPLC) [j]. The toxin extracted from the previously described method was initially purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by ultracentrifugation in order to get rid of the unwanted particulate matter by filtering it through a 0.2 um membrane filter. The concentrated sample in the equilibrating buffer at a pH of 7.5 proceeded through a final step of purification by running it on HPLC using a column of a TSK G3000 SW of 0.75 x 60 dimensions. This column was equilibrated using 0.1M sodium-phosphate buffer at a pH of 6.8 and the flow rate was maintained at 0.6 ml/min. The fractions obtained were tested for its protein content at 280nm using a UV spectrophotometer [j]. Further the efficiency of HPLC was compared with another gel filtration method using Ultrogel column [j] [o]. Purification using Sephadex G-100: For large scale production of tetanus toxoid, Alcohol precipitation was used for immunization purpose by Pillemer L. et.al [b]. However, Levine et.al in 1951 used to purify the tetanus toxoid by ammonium sulfate precipitation [c]. Later, further purification and characterization of the toxoid was achieved by filtering it through Sephadex gels using G-100 columns as stated by Williams C. et.al in 1965 [d]. This simplified and low cost method yielded four separable fractions of the toxoid where the first two fractions of 55-65% non dialyzable nitrogen possessed significant antigenic properties. The next fraction obtained was of smaller molecular weight and showed poor antigenecity when injected in animals; however the fourth fraction obtained was not identified but was predicted to be metabolic by-products of the organism and had no significant role [d]. Before running on the column the protein concentration was determined using a UV spectrometer at 280nm. Chromatographic gel filtratio n was performed using a column of 1.2 x 0.062 m dimension. The column was packed and equilibrated with 0.1M phosphate buffer with a pH of 8.5, additionally 1% formaldehyde can be added to inhibit the bacterial growth. The void volume after equilibration was maintained at 800ml at the flow rate was fixed at 80ml/hr. The sample loading volume was around 50ml and was concentrated to about 100,000 Lf. The four fractions were collected and were further seperated by recycling them on the same column [d]. This method gave an efficient insight on how to purify and separate different components of the toxoid. M Matsuda in 1989 carried out the separation of fragment A-B treated with urea by running it on a ccolumn packed with Sephadex G-25, equilibrated with 0.02M tris-HCL buffer containing trace amounts of dithiothreitol and urea [o]. Other gels such as Sepharose 4B and Sephadex G-200 was also used by researchers like Bernard Bizzini, Immunodiffusion test was also carried out using Ouchterlony’s method [o] [p] [q]. Papain Digestion of Tetanus toxin: Further research by Helting and Zwister in 1974 made possible to obtain fragment C from Tetanus toxin which has significant antigenic properties but lack pathogenecity and thus occupies a major role in immunization [e]. Helting et.al stated that Tetanus toxin can be degraded in a specific pattern. The mild papain digestion cleaves the F(ab) region. The papain enzyme breaks the 150kD toxin into two parts, one comprising of the C-terminal of the heavy chain i.e. of 47kD which corresponds to the Fragment C of the toxin whereas the other part of 95kD consists of N-terminal heavy chain subunit along with the lighter chain polypeptide forming the fragment B (refer to Figure 2). This Fragment B was observed to have a toxic effect on mice when injected with a sufficient dose and also has an adverse effect on the nervous system, thus it was necessary to purify and obtain only Fragment C for immunization and to further study its immune response [f]. The purified Fragment C was separated and ob tained by chromatographic methods and by using anti-Fragment C IgG [f]. Ulrich Weller in 1989 performed papain digestion for 16 hours of overnight stirring of the toxin at 25Â °C at a concentration of 40ug/ml. The toxin was suspended in 10mM sodium-phosphate buffer at pH of 6.5 with 1mM EDTA and NaN3 and 10mM cysteine. After the incubation period 0.5mM of Ll-chloro-3-tosylamido-7-amino-2-heptanone was added as a stop solution in order to inactivate papain by further incubating it at room temperature for 30 min and was then cooled to 0Â °C with saturated ammonium sulfate solution at pH 6.5 with further centrifugation. The precipitate was resuspended in the same buffer mentioned. This further proceeded for its separation and purification on Sephadex G-100 column and the fractions were collected at the flow rate of 15ml/hr b*. These fractions were further pooled and contrated using a Centiprep 10 concentrator and the buffer was changed to 0.5 M NaCl with 30mM Tris-HCl at pH 7.5. The fragments B and C showed up homogenously on SDS-PAGE. The fragment C was further dialyzed against 10mM sodium phosphate buffer at a pH of 7.5. The samples obtained were further checked for its protein content at 285nm and was determined by modified lowry method after trichloroacetic acid precipitation. They also ran an SDS-PAGE using rerducing and non-reducing gels and was stained by Coomassie blue-250 and the chains and fragments of the toxin were determined according to their known amino acid sequence b* Other methods developed to obtain fragment C: Fishman et al. (1992) Pointed out that the non-toxic binding fragment of tetanus toxin (fragment C) binds avidly to neural tissue and has a growing number of neurobiological uses. Its current utility is limited by both its high commercial cost and the complex procedure for its preparation requiring highly purified tetanus toxin. A short procedure was developed which prepares fragments of tetanus toxin from crude C. tetani extracts. The resultant proteins are atoxic with molecular sizes and immunological properties closely resembling fragment C. These proteins undergo retrograde axonal and apparent transneuronal transport in a fashion similar to fragment C [v]. Ledoux et al. in 1994 Indicated that tetanus toxin once internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis, form membrane channels in order to traverse the endosomal membrane and enter the cytoplasm of the nerve terminal forming an association between neurotoxin monomers which results in an oligomeric form of the neurotoxin necessary for assembly of a channel through the hydrophobic interior of the endosomal membrane, thereby allowing passage of the neurotoxin or its active fragment through the resulting pore [w]. Technique used to test the specificity of the heavy and light chain subunits: Matsuda and Yoneda in 1975 isolated the heavy and light chain subunits from a toxin reduced by treatment with dithiothreitol-urea[g] [h]. Kunihiro Ozutsumiet.al. in 1985 used the technique of electrophoresis using sodium-dodecyl-sulphate polyacrylamide gel i.e. SDS-PAGE as shown in Figure (3). and was further used to put up a western blot in order to check the specificity of the isolated subunits obtained [l] [m] [j]. SDS-PAGE allowed the toxin to stack at 49kD corresponding to the fragment C subunit and 85kD comprising of the 4heavy chain subunit [j] Goretzki and Habermann in 1985 characterized enzymatic fragments of tetanus toxin by immunoblotting using a set of previously characterized antibodies and a set of novel antibodies. The selected antibodies recognized the light chain, fragment C (ÃŽ ²1) and the complementary piece (ÃŽ ²2) of the heavy chain when blotted on nitrocellulose. All toxin preparations contained intrinsic esteroprotease activity which became manifest in the presence of urea. The main product of papain hydrolysis is fragment C, which appears as a double band under non reducing conditions but is homogeneous when reduced. Chymotryptic digestion hydrolyses the heavy chain well but leaves the light chain largely intact. Tetanus toxin is very resistant against trypsin as compared with other proteases, although this enzyme splits numerous different links [x].

American Beauty Film Critique Essay

There are few films that achieve the high level of quality exhibited by that of the 1990 beautiful tragedy, American Beauty. The film is a true masterpiece in both content and how this content is delivered to the viewers. It excels at being an enlightening and relevant drama about American life, and never fails to keep the audience entertained by providing many instances of well-placed humor. Every scene is filmed including metaphoric elements that not only show great stylistic and aesthetics, but also create a mood and feeling for the theme of the movie. American Beauty, directed by Sam Mendes, is a film that is set in suburban America, in a normal neighbourhood, following the everyday life of the central protagonist, Lester Burnham, who is living the typical ‘American Dream’. He appears to have a great job, big house, loving wife and daughter and even a white picket fence. However, all is not as it seems as appearance can often be deceiving; if we just â€Å"look closer†, we as audience members soon see that he realises both his wife, over bearing and controlling Carolyn and jaded teenage daughter, Jane think that, in the words of Jane, he is â€Å"this gigantic loser† and they’re right. The character of Lester is initially portrayed as a depressed, sad and lonely forty-year-old man, deprived of freedom and struggling to find anything worth living for. However as the film progresses Lester’s persona as a character is dramatically developed with the introduction of an equally intriguing character, Angela Hayes. Everything changes for Lester the night he is forced by his wife to his daughters school to see her perform as a cheerleader. There on the floor, engrossed in a pompon routin, parading and dancing around the court, he sees his ‘angel’: Angela his daughter’s high-school classmate. Angela fulfills the stereotypical idea of what beauty physical beauty is. She is thin, blonde, big blue-eyed and immediately catches Lester’s attention; Angela is not Lester’s highway to bliss, but she is at least a catalyst for his freedom (Ebert, 1999). His thoughts, and the dissatisfaction they stimulate, blast him free from years of emotional torture and bring him right back to his youth. It is from this moment on that Lester transforms into a spontaneous hormone-driven teenage boy, who smokes marihuana, works out, and uits his job all in order to impress his Angel-a. American Beauty uses Angela as the image of Lester’s broader want; that being his underlying desire for freedom and evidentially beauty. However, she symbolizes the potential underlying superficiality of physical beauty that is slowly revealed towards the end of the film. The film portrays many of the hidden problems within the white picket fence American dream along with addressing the problems many Americans have with feeling free and accepting their own identity. The film shows the vastly different worlds that people can live in whilst still living on the same street, and the disorder and frenzy that lies veiled in a society that we all try to portray as being as perfect as possible. In doing so, American Beauty reveals that the only way to calm the chaos is to find beauty in everything. To â€Å"look closer† is a must for truly understanding and identifying with the continuous bombardment of symbolism that is constantly being illustrated in this film. American Beauty portrays such themes as the falseness in lust, power and appearance and that we need to remind our selves â€Å"†¦of all the beauty there is in the world†, as beauty is a matter of opinion. Beauty however, is the most significant and explored theme in American Beauty. Another prevailing theme is the notion of the characters journey and transformation throughout the film. Lester’s journey can almost be compared to one from childhood from adulthood, figuratively speaking as evidentially, he steps into a mature, paternal phase where he takes responsibility and finds meaning in life, as an adult. Many techniques were used to portray these themes and influence audiences opinions of characters and events, including film techniques of cinematography, soundtrack as well as such visual techniques of symbolism, colour and contrast and both aesthetic and stylistic elements. American Beauty is a complex film that relies so heavily on mis-en-scene and cinematography to portray its message. In particular this is showcased during one scene that truly puts the ‘American Beauty’ into perspective; the opening scene or as it is often referred to as, the â€Å"High Point Scene†. The film explores the concepts of what true beauty really is and as suggested in the title of the film, the American Dream and how far this ‘dream’ really goes and what it actually means; this is explored further from the films tagline â€Å"look closer†; to think about perceived desire and to analyze more what these wants are. Through the exploration of the opening scene and a study of how the cinematography, mise en scene and sound foreshadows plot points in the rest of the film, the underlying messages and symbolism will be uncovered. The movie opens with a grainy shot of Jane Burnham reclining on a bed, complaining about her father. The scene begins with what is referred to as a flash forward, in cinematic terms. The line â€Å"Someone really should just put him out of his misery† is a hint towards the mid life crisis that the father Lester is currently going through and the ways in which she is aware of the pain he is dealing with, not knowing what he truly wants. Through the mise en scene and cinematography displayed throughout the scene, the audience is enabled to receive a glimpse into the events that have just occurred. Through the use of a lesser quality picture, shaky footage and dimmed lighting the audience is able to identify with the fact that the imagery being presented has that of a ‘home movie’ feel. The utilization of ‘raw footage’ within this drama genre of film gives the audience a sense of reality towards the character, hence making the dialogue seem more legitimate and believable. The addition of a pause into the characters dialogue helps to support and express the sense of ‘reality’ further, as it is as if she is really thinking about what she is saying. The rather ambiguous approach to the delivering of the line â€Å"You want me to kill him for you? † helps to draw attention to Jane’s reaction as apposed to the interviewers own intensions. This poses both Jane Burnham, the daughter and the unidentified interviewer as suspects to her father’s upcoming murder. However the abstruse approach from the interviewer combined with the daughters reply is foreshadowing what is to come later in the film, as each character related to the father is set up to be the possible murderer of his death. By using the body language as a primary tool for communication, the reply of â€Å"Yeah, would you† to the previous statement, suggests that she is almost daring the interviewer to kill him. This is expressed through the dominant changing of levels when she sits up, almost creating a shift in power, and looks down and straight into the camera, but at the same time also insinuates some sarcasm on her part. The audience learns in the very first lines of the movie that Jane’s dad, Lester, is not the father that she wants. The opening credits roll, and the shot switches to an aerial view of a neighborhood. The exact location is not specified, and that is very intentional. It is important that this not be a critique of a specific area, but of American culture as a whole. The scene begins with an aerial shot of a suburb, with Lester Burnham introducing the audience to his life and informing them that â€Å"In less than a year, I’ll be dead,† and â€Å"in a way, I’m dead already. † This dialogue is heightened through the following shots of Lester lying alone on a bed in a very dull coloured room, thus signifying the meaninglessness life in which he is leading. The utilization of an aerial shot here creates the idea that the world is looking down on him. The dominant use of bright lighting also indicates that it is the morning, however through the use of shadowing casted over Lester, it expressed to the audience that he is still in ‘the dark’; he is yet to be enlightened. Visual techniques are a constant feature in American Beauty, including the use of colour, contrast and symbolism. The primary recurring prop that is introduced at the beginning of the film is a rose, in which the audience first sees in a close up before Lester’s wife Carolyn Burnham picks it up. The first shot of the rose seems out of place, beginning with the flower filling the frame and then moving down to focus on the thorns before Carolyn’s clippers cut it. The rose symbolizes the impotence of not only the love life between Lester and Carolyn but the idea of the American Dream. This shot not only draws attention to the rose as a recurring object in the film, but it also serves as a metaphor for the Burnhams: on the outside they appear perfect, like the flower, but underneath they are rotten and broken (represented by the thorns). In this shot the character of Carolyn is also introduced and is instantly perceived as a cold, workaholic who is obsessive about how they (the family) is presented. This portrayal is demonstrated through the line â€Å"See the way the handle on those pruning shears matches her gardening clogs? That’s not an accident†, thus showing the audience what level she will go to, to maintain order and control. What is also noticeable about this shot is the mise en scene, in particular the red roses, white picket fences and the blue painting on the house. These colours in specific represent the American flag and therefore the American dream. These objects are most perceived to be included within the American dream as well as stereotypical figure of Carolyn, the suburban housewife. This ideology however, creates contrast with the cinematography. Many scenes are metaphoric in how they are shot, and what is in the frame symbolizes a higher, deeper meaning. This is demonstrated when, Lester looking out the window of his house at his wife, and the blinds on the window represent jail cell bars. Even the blocks of text on his computer screen at work, (shown later in the film) represent jail cell bars. Lester is â€Å"in jail† because his life at this point is so empty and missing substance. This cinematography technique often used in film nior is utilized to convey the emotions of disassociation and distance which in this case, is the way in which Lester feels towards his wife; he is no longer associated with her. American Beauty† is more than a biting satire on suburban life. This somewhat contrived story is meant to be an allegory. Alan Ball’s richly textured screenplay, brilliantly executed stylistic and aesthetic elements such as cinematography, mise en scene and symbols are effectively demonstrated throughout this masterpiece of a film. Every single shot is so carefully taken and layered with such vast significance that it is a marvel to behold. â€Å"Look closer,† the film’s tag line tells us. Look closer at the beautiful things we yearn for and spend our life chasing. There isn’t a single example of a film done better. Not only is the content top-notch, but the technical aspects of the movie are excellent as well. American Beauty truly demonstrates the power of film.

Cancer in the World - 2071 Words

Millions of people in the world know someone or have personally been afflicted with the disease that causes uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body, better known as cancer. In the US alone half of all men and one third of all women will develop cancer at some point in their life. There are over 100 known cancers and they all, even when treated or caught early can lead to serious illness and death. This is why researchers and doctors everywhere are looking for answers to cure these diseases and stop cancer in its tracks. Many cancers have been analyzed and great steps of progress have been made into cancer prevention, spotting the development of cancer cells early, and finding treatments to cure people who have been affected with the disease. One topic scientist have taken particular interest in is the miR-200 family and its role in tumor angiogenesis regulation. In a paper written by Pecot et al (2013), Tumor angiogenesis regulation by the miR-200 family, scient ist investigated the miR-200 familys role in inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which suggests it inhibits metastasis. The researchers hypothesized through direct and indirect mechanisms, the miR-200 family will show angiogenesis inhibition by regulating interleukin-8 and CXCL1 secreted by the tumour endothelial and cancer cells. This review will delve into the mir-200 family members, methods used by the researchers, and results that were obtained. The miR(micro RNA)-200 familyShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Cancer Is Not The End Of The World1835 Words   |  8 Pagesday from cancer and it gives an image of one that ruins people’s lives. What we need to understand is that cancer is a tough challenge and it’s going to give a person hell, but there’s a reason you should fight because it’s not the end of the world as some people portray it as. 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Indi Poverty And Inequality - 1308 Words

Inequality is defined as the wide gap between a low and a high income within an economy. Poverty is defined as being in the state of extremely poor. India is well renowned for having two classes, those living well above the poverty line, and those living well below. Currently, India is promoting strategies to decrease their percentage of people living under the poverty line. In 2012 the World Bank conducted some research to find out that 21.9% of the countries 1.295 billion, are living under the poverty line. As of 2014, the GNI per capita in India is $1570, US dollars, which is awfully low compared to the rest of the world. The big problem with this is that it isn’t developing at a state that it should be, although it is improving. India has traces linking to the government being corrupt, which doesn’t help the cause and this could be why it is showing poor economic development. One of the major problems that exists to reducing poverty and inequality in India is the poverty cycle. Developing countries generate a low income which then leads to low savings, poor health, education and low demand which then leads to low capital investment which then leads to low productivity which then leads to low income and this continues in a cycle as can be seen in figure 1. Much of India is stuck in this cycle. Social difference and inequality is a major problem and can reinforce, if not worsen, the continuous poverty problems in the poverty circle. As said before, the average salary ofShow MoreRelatedThe Negative Impacts of Illiteracy1171 Words   |  5 PagesSizin son xÉ™rà §Ã‰â„¢ng var. Ä °ndi onu xÉ™stÉ™xanaya almaq deyilsÉ™, o, nà ¶vbÉ™ti gà ¼n à ¶lÉ™cÉ™k. In English, this means, â€Å"Your son has cancer. If you don’t get him to the hospital now, he will die in the next day.† Imagine, though, if you had not been able to read the first message and even not been able to read the English translation. Your son would have died. 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